Engineering referenceSolar PV & Solar Pumping Engineering
Assess grid-connected, hybrid, off-grid and solar-pumping projects with traceable energy, storage, hydraulic and financial assumptions.
Calculation method
The workflow builds demand and solar-resource profiles, applies the selected system losses and operating constraints, then compares equipment sizing, energy balance and project economics. Manual and external-resource inputs remain identified by source.
Formulas used
PV energy ≈ installed kWp × plane-of-array irradiation × performance factorsBattery usable energy = nominal energy × permitted depth of dischargePumping hydraulic energy = ρ × g × volume × total dynamic head
Worked example
A 20 kWp array receiving 5 peak-sun-hours with an entered 20% aggregate loss yields an indicative 80 kWh for that representative day before dispatch constraints.
How to interpret the result
Review unmet load, curtailed surplus, storage cycling and equipment constraints together; annual energy alone does not prove autonomy or pump deliverability.
Common mistakes
- Using annual irradiation without matching array orientation and losses.
- Sizing batteries from daily energy without autonomy and depth-of-discharge limits.
- Ignoring TDH variation in solar pumping.
Scope and limitations
- Results are preliminary engineering estimates; final design requires site survey, verified meteorological data, equipment curves, protection design and applicable standards.
Frequently asked questions
Does the tool guarantee annual PV production?
No. It calculates a deterministic estimate from the selected resource, geometry and visible losses.
Can it assess solar pumping?
Yes. Water volume, flow, TDH, pump efficiency and operating window are used in the hydraulic-energy assessment.
Why can two equal-size PV systems differ?
Orientation, temperature, shading, conversion losses, load timing and storage operation change delivered energy.
Is the financial result a quotation?
No. It is a scenario based on the entered tariff, investment and escalation assumptions.